France is a very bad example of UBI. I see it as a society where everyone expects their rights, but no one sees anything as their duties. People see all public (as in owned by the society) assets as responsibility of someone else, not themselves. In other words, it is a terrible place to implement UBI.
It is the worst type of selfishness: instead of "everyone should take care of themselves" it is "someone should be forced to take care of others, but not me". It is easy to see how that leads to the very bad Nash equilibrium of the tragedy of the commons.
Is that a product of the social support system, or is the social support system a product of that?
That being said, there is a lot that worked in the French system, specially around making maternity economically sustainable: France has one of the highest fertility rates in the developed world, while maintaining a high female workforce participation rate. This should be copied by other countries, specially ones (such as Germany) facing a population crisis.
I agree on your point about innovation, I see France as a country far too worried about protecting its past: every tradition is sacrosanct and protected by law. When you protect the past, you outlaw the future.
When you expect your very subsistance from the State, when you start to believe that "it costs nothing, because the state is paying" (said french president lately), then you lose what the french have lost: responsibility.
As for maternity, it has to be seen if population growth is better than prosperity for happiness. The Swiss are at the other extreme: prosperity and aging population... yet they are the happiest in the world.
We all know that having no babies isn't sustainable in the long term. Having babies is an extremely important social function, that most developed societies are leaving behind.
I'm not advocating for the French model (I do advocate the Swiss model), but to dissect it and try to adopt what works, ignoring what doesn't.
Of course, sometimes they're two sides of the same coin, so you can't have the cake and eat it too.
Why would the human population shrinking to, optimistically, say, 3 billion people be a problem? Looking at our productivity, and unemployment rates, we have the labour, and the productivity to assist the elderly.
Because of the dependency ratio. An inverted age pyramid would wreak havoc in social welfare systems, unless you were able to triple or quadruple labor productivity.
Today we barely have the labor and productivity to assist the elderly, imagine if the situation worsens dramatically.
Sure, there's always the chance that AI and robotics and singularity will change everything and scarcity will be over and so one, but we shouldn't bet our chips on that.
We have already quadrupled labour productivity, compared to the 60s. Including agriculture, we have multiplied it by more then a factor of ten, compared to the start of the 20th century.
We barely have the labor and productivity to assist the elderly for the same reason we barely have the labor and productivity to fix potholes on my street, or keep human waste out of a San Francisco alley (All while we sit at 7% unemployment.) We don't care to.
I don't have to be. Since we're far more efficient now then we were half a century ago, even if workforce participation goes down, we would still produce a lot more then we did in the 1960s. Relatively speaking, regressing to that level of consumption would be a relatively minor lifestyle adjustment. Let's also not forget that the elderly can, and do useful work.
Compared to the problems of overpopulation, this doesn't even register as a crisis.
Sorry, but that doesn't make sense to me. Look at today's highly unbalanced budgets around the world, and heavily deficitary pension systems. How would that work if you decreased revenues by 10% and increased payouts by 70%?
You're missing out on the dependency ratio. Take the Euro area, for example, today, for every 2 people in work age, there is 1 person being sustained (youth or pensioners), by 2060, for every 4 people in work age, 3 will have to be sustained, an increase of 50%, and it will be far more expensive than today, due to health care costs for the elderly.
Work age population will fall from 335M people today to 300M in 2060, while elderly will increase from 90M to 150M and youths will stay roughly the same.
So 35M fewer people paying taxes, and 60M more people needing support.
This goes right back to my earlier point with respect to what our society prioritises.
There are more empty homes in America then there are homeless people, but that doesn't mean that the richest country in the world cannot afford to have a roof over its head.
This is not even considering the easy way out, which is more immigration.
> It is easy to see how that leads to the very bad Nash equilibrium of the tragedy of the commons.
Tragedy of the commons in the classical sense does not have a Nash equilibrium, because an actor can always chose to consume the extra unit of resources to benefit themselves more.
This lack of equilibrium is precisely why it's called a tragedy, because it inevitably leads to the over-exploitation (usually destruction) of the common good.
The outcomes of the individual decisions are added, so (-0.5, -0.5) comes from each agent picking options a, resulting in +1 for themselves and -1.5 to the other. The outcome for each agent in this case is +1-1.5=0.5
The payout matrix is:
(-0.5, -0.5) (+1, -1)
(-1, +1) (+0.5, +0.5)
As you can see, from the [a,a] option, no agent can improve their situation by UNILATERALLY changing. In the case of [a,b], [b,a] and [b,b], one (or both) of the agents can always improve their own payout by switching from b to a.
France is a very bad example of UBI. I see it as a society where everyone expects their rights, but no one sees anything as their duties. People see all public (as in owned by the society) assets as responsibility of someone else, not themselves. In other words, it is a terrible place to implement UBI.
It is the worst type of selfishness: instead of "everyone should take care of themselves" it is "someone should be forced to take care of others, but not me". It is easy to see how that leads to the very bad Nash equilibrium of the tragedy of the commons.
Is that a product of the social support system, or is the social support system a product of that?
That being said, there is a lot that worked in the French system, specially around making maternity economically sustainable: France has one of the highest fertility rates in the developed world, while maintaining a high female workforce participation rate. This should be copied by other countries, specially ones (such as Germany) facing a population crisis.
I agree on your point about innovation, I see France as a country far too worried about protecting its past: every tradition is sacrosanct and protected by law. When you protect the past, you outlaw the future.