Central Banks have been pumping it out with near zero interest rates on and off for the past 14 years. The US Fed alone created about four trillion during quantitative easing. This cycle doesnt seem to have caused consumer inflation, but asset inflation: unicorns, high stocks, high houses.
Because those banks lend to banks, who lend to other institutions, which are owned by institutions or directly by wealthy people. Aside from pension funds and such, the vast majority of financial markets stand to benefit wealthy individuals almost exclusively. It wasn't always this way. Citizen stock ownership in the US was quite significant in the 50s. It's been on a downward trend ever since.
