On Windows you can query for information about any font using the Windows API. This call allows you to enumerate fonts based upon their name, etc:

https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/dd1...

and the callback function used with it will get you this structure:

https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/dd1...

and the lfPitchAndFamily member will tell you what type of font it is.