I live in Germany and a lot of companies still have free beer on tap and the managers will pressure you to drink during work hours
From the article you posted:
> Therefore, in most companies and public administration, it is solely at the discretion of employers as to what extent they tolerate alcohol consumption by their employees. The employer has the right to impose sanctions on the employee who refuses to take an alcohol test, which may result in loss of employment or suspension [53]. In Germany, regional and cultural particularities can be decisive; for example, in Lower and Upper Bavaria and in Franconia it is still common for many companies’ employees to have a glass of beer during the lunch break.
I work for a German-owned industry corporation (in a nearby EU country) and would get fired for having a friday beer with colleagues if not at company-arranged “friday bar” or some other event :)
No national law requires this strictness, but +95% of companies in my country have simular rules in place.
My German colleagues are mostly serious when saying “Kein Bier vor vier” (i.e. no beers before 16:00/work ends).
My wife is in mechanical engineering. I am in academia. I think in my job there would be more pressure against it, but that's mainly because it's younger people. In my wife job, the CEO goes around encouraging people to drink while working, especially on Fridays.
> My German colleagues are mostly serious when saying “Kein Bier vor vier” (i.e. no beers before 16:00/work ends).
4pm doesn't mean that work ends then though. Many people continue working after that beer.
If this means factories full of machinery that can be very dangerous if safety rules aren't followed, it probably makes sense that they'd have stricter rules than say a small webdev shop.
I think there is a 20/80 split between blue collar and white collar workers here at the HQ in Westphalia. So mostly a cubicle-farm of sorts.
I asked around and my german colleagues tell me it is a Bavarian thing with the beers.
> 4pm doesn't mean that work ends then though. Many people continue working after that beer.
We are also offered a beer a few times at official Company events etc. and most can have a beer and do proper work after. It is also legal to drive after a single normal-sized beer.
There are tools available for direct formal analysis of the system as implemented (and not “just” a model of it).
With e.g. the C bounded model checker CBMC, your model language is also C. Frama-C is another approach (Hoare-like, axiomatic logic). Klee works on LLVM IR etc.
Stronger proponents would perhaps suggest extracting the implementation from the model etc., but you don’t have to drink all the koolaid at once to get many of the benefits.
And not all your software needs to be formalized either, to get many of the benefits.
I’ved succesfully used CBMC and Klee on C code for verifying important parts of embedded safety/mission critical software on resource constrained HW (i.e. no OS, static allocation, single to double digit kilobytes of RAM etc.)
I think it’s broadly accepted that WW2 forced or accelerated inventions such as: jet planes, radios, synthetic rubber, radar, the Jeep, duct tape, nukes.
The cold war -> the space race.
Drone tech/military AI in Ukraine is perhaps a more recent example.
In many west european countries it is forbidden to consume alcohol in work hours, except at company-arranged events etc. and/or to be intoxicated.
For a comparative overview of the practical differences: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9779578/