Huge difference. Fusors are just Inertial electrostatic confinement fusion devices. This one here adds lattice confinement fusion to it (see NASA Glenn Research two Phys Rev C papers in 2023), ie you reach fuel densities 6 to 8 orders of magnitudes higher than in a plasma as you exploit electron screening in your metal lattice, plus binary packing in specific metal alloys. Anyone can build a fusor in a kitchen, but these guys combine two entirely different fusion mechanisms (IEC+LFC) which hasn't been done before. That way you get minimum 1E11 DT neutrons/s at source, and even higher fluxes once you start optimising the materials involved. A hard 14 MeV DT neutron generator with that high flux? A golden opportunity for testing future materialsand electronics in a harsh fusion environment.
A fusor does 1E6 n/s at best, and that'd be 2.45 MeV DD neutrons only, because obtaining a Tritium license is not trivial.
And yes you're right, it's a neutron generator. They don't claim to ever achieving break even, or even power surplus. No fusion startup will ever do in my view. Combining that neutron generator with active material, now we're talking. That's a sub critical ultra compact hybrid reactor, which becomes super critical by pressing a button. And sub critical again with another press. That's the future and the reason why some folks at NASA want to get hold of one for their future space mission
The article mmentions Moose, MFEM, OpenMC, but the really good stuff relevant for us nuclear physicist I would expect being talked about aren't mentioned: Bison, Transuranus, Marmot, Serpent, Vasp, Rattlesnake, Fispact.
On the open source open access side I'm missing Lammps or Geant4.
Moose & MFEM are great projects and important in itself, but not relevant in the nuclear physics domain. Software which is remains export-restricted for good reasons. Here a list for the curious mind:
In a world with two time dimensions there would be no such thing as causality: with a, b \in R^2 (the field of real numbers), a<b doesn't make sense, because two events can have the same distance from (0,0) but different angle \phi (modulo orientation of chosen frame of reference), and therefore I wouldn't be able to distinguish between past and future events in general. Causality breaks down.
Propagating along a 1D trajectory (ie flow of time) would then be along a 2D "trajectory" through which I would experience indefinitively many events at once, unclear which one impacts on which others. But clearly I perceive me writing this post "right now", and am about to push the send button..
When you observe a particle, you see it in a superposition of a indefinite number of states.
A photon moves at the speed of light, it does not experience the flow of time because of that, its whole lifetime is an instant from its point of view, and it "sees" the universe in the superposition of the states the universe goes through.
Similarly, the indefinite number of states of the particle could be observing a development in a time dimension in which the time does not flow for the observer.
They say, one man's instant, another man's eternity...
It's an argument pro two-time scales and against two dimensional time just by looking at what math says about partially ordered sets. R^2 is clearly not partially ordered as opposed to R^1.
Fantastic news! Been waiting for this since I've been with the CTBTO 13 years ago.. No testing on land of the pacific nations anymore! Hopefully the 5 big nuclear weapon states will ratify the CTBT in my lifetime as well...
In Germany, the consumer demand for UHT is low as well. Fresh milk is prefered over that, UHT tastes weird for most. No idea where the article gets the idea from that Europeans care less about UHT.
I was going to comment basically the exact same thing but tried to do some reasearch first and came across an article [1] claiming that UHT (H-Milch) has a market share of a whopping 70% which does not match my personal experience at all. But it was the only article naming an actual number that I could find within a 5 minute google search.
I did a quick search and got a similar trend for Europe overall (although, like that article, there were no serious citations). I wonder if it could be including commercial uses, such as in restaurants or for manufacturers of milk-derived products (but not cheese as it seems UHT ruins the proteins needed for that).
Not sure if true, but it was explained to me once that UHT is more popular in hotter climates as it's easier to transport vs refridgerated lorries (France vs UK)
I noticed in France that UHT was very popular. Here in Germany, seems to be a mix with a preference for normal milk.
It's possible that consumers declare the they don't prefer UHT milk when asked but actually buy UHT milk without realising. In Greece, UHT milk is often sold in similar packaging as fresh milk (i.e. in plastic bottles rather than cartons) and placed in the refrigerated section alongside fresh milk.
To confuse matters further, some UHT milk is sold separately, outside the fridge and in the typical carton packaging that one expects it. So it's very easy to be confused about what is UHT and what is fresh, just by looking at where a product is and how it's packaged.
Of course you'd think that the taste would give the milk away- but I find that if UHT milk is refrigerated, its "burned milk" taste is much reduced and can easily fool someone who only drinks a little milk at a time or mixed with other foods or drinks, e.g. in their coffee or cereals.
I live in Canada (Quebec near the Ontario border) and I buy UHT milk once in a while as some backup milk just in case I run out before the next groceries and I happen to need some for a recipe or something. It was handy during the pandemic, where I tried (and still try) to minimize exposure.
"670nm light devices were based on simple commercial DC torches with ten 670nm LEDs mounted behind a light diffuser embedded in a tube that was 4cm in diameter. Energies at the cornea were approximately 40mW/cm² which often resulted in a mild green after image for approximately 5-10 seconds. Participants were asked to use the light to illuminate their dominant eye every morning for 3 minutes and to repeat this daily for 2 weeks. These metrics were selected because they fell within the range used in a large number of animal experiments. 670nm illumination was largely confined to the central retina comprising the peaks in rod and cone density."
Possibly. Whenever I see this paper I'm reminded of the gap of not having some 12 dollar low power red led flashlight Amazon link. I'm looking at AliExpress right now and idly considering buying a few purportedly red led flashlights and finding a way to test them to confirm they are the right wavelength and relatively low power.
Buy a thousand flashlights at 4 a piece on AliExpress, offer on Amazon at 12, write a blog post about checking this effect on my parents, link to the paper, share on hackernews and other sites with an Amazon link...
Still, I'd be kind of surprised if you could sell a thousand flashlights like this, and it seems a fair amount of risk and effort for a few thousand return.
If there were 4 spatial dimensions + 1 time dimension we would end up in an unstable universe.
Ehrenfest (1917/1920) studied the hydrogen in n dimensions and concluded for n> 3 that neither classical atoms nor planetary orbits can be stable, because the inverse square law of electrostatic and gravity becomes an inverse cube law. When n > 3 there are no stable orbits to the two body problem: an incoming light body attracted by a heavy one would either escape to infinity or get sucked into collision.
For n = 3 we get stable elliptic orbits or non-bound parabolic and hyperbolic orbits.
Collision only occurs when the lighter body heads directly towards the heavy body within 2R (R being the heavier body's radius), ie. the impact parameter is zero [2]
Someone dear to me needs a ventilator per tracheostomy (Trilogy 100). Her Consultant Aenesthesist who was in Italy four weeks ago and works on an Intensive Care Unit told me that 6 out 10 Covid-19 affected ITU patients require an ECMO (https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extracorporeal_membrane_oxyg...). This is very bad. I could sense his unease, these are machines you don't come by easily. His ITU is preparing for war, Brexit and the conservative's austerity program has put the NHS to breaking point.
You sure about the ECMO situation? That's the first time I've heard it's that bad. I understood that some 25% of ICU patients required ventilation, but that ECMO-patients had very poor outlook.
Most hospitals have just a handful of ECMO machines, if any. And most of them are talking about not providing ECMO to COViD-19 patients because of this.
That seems low relative to US medical costs in general. I'm sure the average Bay Area software engineer would happily pay that much to save a dying family member.
Bickering isn’t needed, but there is no doubt that many objective indicators of service quality and system stress in the NHS point to a decline. Vacancies in posts alone is a substantial concern and is directly linked to govt policies in training in recent years (withdrawal of the nursing student bursary for example).
Denying the fact that the NH is under pressure isn’t helpful either... we need to be realistic about what to expect when we underfund our healthcare system.
But the NHS is always 'underfunded' because demand for healthcare is infinite. Its funding has gone up continuously. There will never be a time when this isn't a political fight, that is, there's no level of funding that would end this bickering.
A fusor does 1E6 n/s at best, and that'd be 2.45 MeV DD neutrons only, because obtaining a Tritium license is not trivial.
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