Between 100 days and 3 years we will record what will be the single largest energy release we have ever recorded.
To give an idea of our records so far: our detection of black hole mergers around the 100-150 solar masses scale are just behind a couple gamma ray bursts as the single largest energy release ever.
How big are the black hole mergers around 150 solar masses and the two largest gamma ray bursts?
The energy release converted the mass of between 1-6 solar masses into energy.
With black hole mergers this energy release/conversion is in the form of gravitational waves that we then detect!
So imagine the sun, times 6, every atom, converted into that energy. That’s what we have already recorded.
This predicted one is not even in the same ballpark. Those 1-6 sun matter into energy conversions are ants compared to what’s coming.
These supermassive black holes are thousands to tens of thousands of times the mass of our sun. (Not sure if the ones in this paper are in the billion solar masses class. Yes they do exist)
This event will convert the mass of perhaps a hundred or a thousand suns worth of matter into energy in an instant. (Not sure if the paper gives any accurate predictions I’m lazy!)
>"With black hole mergers this energy release/conversion is in the form of gravitational waves that we then detect!"
FWIW, these gravitational waves are too low in frequency for LIGO to catch. The paper says it would be within detection range of LISA (the ESA's space-based laser interferometer), but unfortunately they haven't launched that yet.
However, there's a related effect that could be measurable some 5-10 years afterwards:
>"They should, however, leave an imprint on spacetime itself, a sort of relaxation of distance and time dubbed gravitational wave memory, which could be detected over many years by monitoring the metronomic pulses of spinning stellar remnants known as pulsars. “It’s a very tricky signal to measure,” Ransom says, “but that would be definitive, a total smoking gun” of merging supermassive black holes."
Pulsar-based galaxy-wide gravitational wave observing is one of the most intriguing (while being conceptually simple and understandable) concepts I've come across.
I wonder if this predicted supermassive black hole merger is rare for us - once in a lifetime, or we find out after LISA is operational that they happened frequently.
Am I right in thinking that the search area something like LISA and LIGO "see" is essentially the entire observable universe?
Could we could catch a merger from the first billion or so years of the universe?
I found out about this channel a couple of days ago, and since then, I have watched a large chunk of the content. Rather than looking for something to kill time with on the boobtube, I've killed some time with this channel.
The chirp doesn't go to infinite frequency. The last rotation of the two black holes happens in some finite time, a time scale that gets longer the larger the black holes are.
If I read this correctly, the black hole binary is about 40 million solar masses and could be five times that. Our own black hole at Sgr A* is only a tenth of that.
This has to be a really rare occurrence. Hopefully, it won’t be behind the sun when it coalesces, though that won’t hide the gravitational effects, of course.
From the paper: "On the other hand, the SMBH mass (MBH) estimated from broad Hα is ∼ 4 × 10^7 times of solar..." So, looks like each of them is about 40 million solar masses. Other methods estimate 2 × 10^8, so 200 million. Two galactic nuclei are about to be smashed together!
Depends on where it is located for line of sight. If it's on the other side of the center of our Milky Way galactic core, then it won't be visible in visible light (awkwardly stated). The overall brightness and/or the thick bands of dust prohibit us from seeing some things in the visible spectrum on that side of the galaxy. However, some things can be viewed with other wavelengths.
I paid for the full subscription for years as I got a lot of use out of it for many projects.
What made me quit Adobe was their iPad Pro apps.
I found myself using the iPad Pro for visual art projects more often, and I eagerly awaited Adobes eventual iPad Pro offerings.
The only file storage option in the iPad versions of Photoshop and Illustrator is Adobe cloud online with offline cache allowed on a per file basis.
Every project has mandatory upload to Adobe cloud. No way to disable.
I am comfortable having client work stored on iCloud, and sometimes will use Dropbox, both have decent enough reputation for secure storage of IP.
But Adobe? I’m sorry but any company forcing professionals to store client IP on their cloud offering by definition cannot be considered secure, who knows what data mining they do if they are willing to pull stunts like this.
On principle I found alternative apps and ditched Adobe.
Tezos is Proof of stake, decentralized and clearly has consensus, the three things the author argues cannot occur in a proof of stake system.
I did not find this post convincing especially as many proof of stake systems have been running consistently for years now and with significant transaction and economic volume.
As an example Tezos has decentralized apps such as liquidity pools, collateral based stablecoin systems, nft ecosystems, coin bridges to other networks such as Ethereum (two way) I use these smart contracts on a weekly basis and have done for a long time now.
Tezos manages several orders of magnitude more transaction throughput based on opcode count count vs Bitcoin, transactions, even complex ones cost pennies the network has not been attacked, is worth billions and Tezos energy usage is easily a million times less than Bitcoin.
> the three things the author argues cannot occur in a proof of stake system.
The author appears to be saying that "any decentralized consensus via proof of stake system is vulnerable to timing attacks"
The counter-argument that "This here proof of stake system has not been successfully attacked ... that we know of ... yet" does not seem to be watertight.
Unfortunately the iPhone 11 Pro has a softer screen, I had mine accumulating permanent scratches within just a few days which surprised me as every other phone I’ve owned had no issues without a screen protector.
So iPhone 11 Pro max become the first phone I had to buy a screen protector for, really disappointing in such an expensive phone.
Do you keep it inside a purse or in a pocket with keys?
I got mine on launch and have zero scratches. I've even zoned out at work and started writing on the screen with a pen a few times, but it's still perfectly smooth. I grabbed a piece of metal and started scratching at my screen halfway through this post just to double check, and it's still fine.
Do scratches really matter anymore? The screens now get so bright I don’t see them unless I’m really looking for them. Cracks are the far bigger problem.
I think that’s just for lower orbits, I was under the impression our geosynchronous satellites will be up there for millions of years (unless future humanity cleans up the geosynchronous graveyard orbit)
From memory SEC fined Musk and Tesla and Musk tried playing hardball with them and the SEC immediately doubled the fine. They were willing to start an escalation and Musk finally backed down.
Sounded to me like he was not in a strong position last time and another blatant violation is unlikely to be an easy walk in the park.
The share price has immediately moved, this is just reckless behaviour.
Between 100 days and 3 years we will record what will be the single largest energy release we have ever recorded.
To give an idea of our records so far: our detection of black hole mergers around the 100-150 solar masses scale are just behind a couple gamma ray bursts as the single largest energy release ever.
How big are the black hole mergers around 150 solar masses and the two largest gamma ray bursts?
The energy release converted the mass of between 1-6 solar masses into energy.
With black hole mergers this energy release/conversion is in the form of gravitational waves that we then detect!
So imagine the sun, times 6, every atom, converted into that energy. That’s what we have already recorded.
This predicted one is not even in the same ballpark. Those 1-6 sun matter into energy conversions are ants compared to what’s coming.
These supermassive black holes are thousands to tens of thousands of times the mass of our sun. (Not sure if the ones in this paper are in the billion solar masses class. Yes they do exist)
This event will convert the mass of perhaps a hundred or a thousand suns worth of matter into energy in an instant. (Not sure if the paper gives any accurate predictions I’m lazy!)