There's a few different actions. First, since it isn't developed the paper effectively acts extremely slowly. Whereas normal photographic paper would be around 6 or up to 20 ISO, doing it this way is almost immeasurably slow. Getting similar results without a pinhole and just something layed on top (photogenic drawing), it would take several hours in direct sun to get a decent image. The next contributing factor is that some papers "print out" easier than others. The hard ones will take hours in direct sunlight, while the easier ones might take "only" 30 minutes or so. The final factor is that pinhole is a very slow and low contrast method of exposure. Silver halide paper suffers from "repricocity failure" where basically during a very long exposure, the material becomes massively less sensitive. This is why film is so hard for astrophotography. A 100 ISO film over several hours can become something more like 1 ISO. Either way, the end result is that the paper gets very slow and gains a very wide exposure latitude, nearly impossible to over expose.
I think the key with vaping (not necessarily with Juul though due to market availability) is that it's very easy to decrease the dosage of nicotine without reducing the fixation amount. For traditional cigarette smoking you want a high amount of nicotine to fill that void (and also to get through the other side of other addictive substances in tobacco beyond nicotine) and to effectively "get hooked" on vaping instead, to the point that normal cigarettes are completely unattractive to you.. Afterwards, decreasing dosage with a vape is super easy, especially if done in a blind way, ie, buying two identical flavors at different dosages (your "normal" and the lower dose) and put them into two carts. Pick a random one each day to use. I've heard of people doing this all the way down to 3mg to get over the lowest dosage hump even. One has no nicotine, the other only has 3mg. Eventually the non-social fixation (ie, at your house alone) stops, and the social fixation (ie, outside of a bar, etc) is controllable with no nicotine... Then that's not even getting into the different ohm ratings etc that further control dosage without affecting the fixation of using the vape.
edit: note I say "easy", but its not a short process.. If you try to go immediately from 48mg to 3mg you won't have a good time. It takes months for each step down
Nicotine's method of action for addiction isn't commonly understood very well. It's extremely specific - nicotine works to make the things you do around the exposure more habitual. If it's slapping on a nicotine patch and going on a run, you're more likely to get into a habit of slapping on a patch and going on a run. If it's taking a break outside and puffing from a vaporizer, then it's simply taking a break and puffing from a vaporizer.
That's largely why e-cigs are the most successful way to quit smoking tobacco products - it's the most similar habit to smoking cigarettes, so it slots into the existing highly-reinforced habits that smokers have. You drop a bunch of the random other chemicals that are present in cigarettes, and wind up reinforcing the replacement habit before dropping dosages and having a regular habit that's as easy to quit as, say, biting your fingernails.
Thing is, the fact that you can reduce the nicotine dosage does not necessarily mean that people will; unlike cigarettes, it's trivial to also increase the nicotine dosage many times.
I don't think a significant amount of people do that. Coming from someone with a lot of experience vaping (actually helped me quit smoking), it's somewhat difficult to find ejuices with pleasant flavors (anything that's not a stereotypical cigarette flavor like menthol) above 6mg, and around 9mg or higher, the nicotine flavor becomes quite pronounced and overpowering, and your flavor options are severely limited.
I started experimenting with nicotine gum as a non-smoker. From what I've read, the method you get your nicotine has a major effect on level of addiction. Inhalation combines a habitual act with the near instanaeous activation time to create a highly addictive behavioural habit.
I chew one 4mg piece of gum over the course of a day for mental stimulation and that's had some really nice side effects for me, such as being able to stay up later and continue on mentally engaging work.
I have a friend who did that for a few months and it took her iirc 2 years to get over the gum fixation.. even without nicotine, she always had to have some gum for cravings
I think she was chewing the nicotine gum a few times a day, but I'd still be careful about it.. iirc the reason she did it was she wanted gum and the only gum her parents had regularly was nicotine gum and she was like 14 at the time
> I think the key with vaping (not necessarily with Juul though due to market availability) is that it's very easy to decrease the dosage of nicotine without reducing the fixation amount.
There's some truth to this. I used to believe it wholly. You can go through my comment history and see that I've mentioned it before on Juul-related threads.
My more recently-developed stance is that it doesn't work as well as you'd think it does. It may work for some people, in some situations, but the reality is that your body can become surprisingly good at figuring out that its not getting the nicotine it wants, so you may just end up vaping the lower stuff more often. The double-blind thing honestly wouldn't work for real addicts; it may even be subconscious, but the body knows. You can't trick yourself out of a nicotine addiction.
The ritual is a big part of the addiction, and if you're not careful in regulating the number of pulls you're just going to make the ritual worse, without changing the amount of nicotine you pull in.
If you can combine it with some kind of regimen, like you don't pull more often than once every ten minutes, then sure, that could work. That's why it works for some people; not the strict reduction in potency.
Honestly, they go to bed at the time the parent sets a routine after probably 3 or 4yo. My kids consistently go to bed at 9pm for school, 10pm on weekends/summer, and typically no problems going to sleep or waking up in the morning. It's been like that for years now. The time they did have trouble going to sleep at the right time is when they visited grandma for 2 weeks and had a wild and inconsistent sleep schedule the entire time. It took them about 2 weeks to adjust back to the normal routine. One hour adjustment from weekends etc is easy, but 2-3 hour adjustment is a huge stumbling block
It blows my mind some of the comments here of people who do this. I can literally not recall a time that mornings were not miserable.. and that includes when I am jet lagged (either going to a country, or coming back) and naturally fall asleep by 9pm and awake by 5am. Mornings are boring and I can never really get into enjoying them. The most fun I've had was one time in China I woke up at 4am and went to photograph things at 430am.. But that's not something I'd do every day, and even at the time I felt kinda cranky about it.
I have 2 kids, so have to have some structure to my sleep schedule. Left to my own devices, my natural bed time is 3-4am and I'm awake at 11am-12pm. With kids during school (in summer they sleep in too) it's a bit more reasonable though probably less healthy. Asleep by 1 or 2am and wake up at 8am. They're 9yo and 6yo and the oldest is responsible for getting the younger up if she doesn't wake up with the alarm. They're both 90% ready by the time I wake up (they prefer to wake up at 7am or even 6:30am to have some play and tv time before school). This includes getting themselves dressed, hair and teeth, and the picky youngest packing her own lunch. Their school starts at 8:45am and I'm typically out the door at 8:30am and back by 9am.
I don't really start working until 10am most days, but I'll do some passive stuff like read emails and industry news type stuff while having coffee. At 10am I'm getting started, at 11am on a good day I'm hitting a stride. Typically not doing my best coding work until at least 2pm though after lunch. Depending on how in the zone I am and what I'm doing, I work until 5:30pm to 7pm. I have the benefit of being remote and setting my own hours though, so it's definitely a blessing I know many people aren't fortunate to have. Have dinner with the family after I stop working, and then just relax with dumb activities (TV, social media) and of course bonding stuff with family, until the kids go to bed at 9pm. When they go to sleep I sometimes work for a couple more hours (coordinating with 12 hour different timezone is fun), but more usually relax with peace and quiet playing games, messing around with interesting research (both hobbies and work), or just dumbly watching TV, or do some hobbies (analog photography/darkroom printing)
I sacrifice sleep more than I should, and typically will have a 10 minute power nap after I'm done working.. But honestly, as long as I'm getting 6-7 hours of sleep, I feel just as well as when I'm getting 8 or 9. When I get less than 6 though I definitely regret it the next day. And I don't mean just sleeping in on weekends. I had about 2 weeks this summer where I had no kids, no wife, and basically nothing guiding my sleep schedule. I'd tried naturally sleeping for a week with no alarm and realized I felt more tired and it was consuming a lot of time. I was waking up at 11 or 12. So I started setting my alarm to a more reasonable 10am and was in bed by 3 or 4am, and always felt well rested after I got out of bed.
Some people can not "relax" and enjoy mornings. My goal with mornings is to get that phase of day over with so I can work and then get to a free evening. When I'm jetlagged it's pretty interesting becoming a forced morning person, but it's always proven to me that having 3 hours of free time in the evening is so much more valuable to me than 3 hours of free time in the morning.
Really cool, see a few missing film types (Superia 800 and 1600, Cinestill 800T/Vision3 500T) would also be really interesting if there was listings for cross-processing, especially of slide film in C-41. Each stock has its own set of casts and color crossing and it can be pretty difficult to figure out what that is for each film stock.
Also completely unknown how you'd do it, but giving any kind of data for pushing the B/W films would be really interesting too
> One would think, for example, that it would make sense to do the "instruction decode" pass ahead of time, to end up with an array of pointers-to-instructions plus literal-values... but the resulting representation of the code is usually much larger in memory, and so less of it will fit in cache (and it'll also fight the VM interpreter itself for cache-lines.) You might gain from your instruction impls not having to trampoline back to the interpreter (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Threaded_code, basically), but you'll lose in cache coherence.
As someone currently writing a (subset of an) x86 VM, I feel this pain entirely too much. My subset greatly simplifies things by not using segment registers and getting to (mostly) not have to implement the 16bit version of ModR/M.
The biggest problem with x86 is the sheer number of ways to do addressing within a single opcode using a Mod R/M operand. For instance, all of these lines of assembly can use the same primary opcode:
If not for the Mod R/M and SIB operands, x86 would be a static-width instruction set
I'm building an interpreter that goes the way of decoding to build a pipeline (really a "basic block") and then to execute the entire pipeline with minimal branching across execution. I'm less afraid of excessive cache use than the unpredictable indirect branch problem. The hope is that building a pipeline and executing it with a branchless unrolled loop will allow me to avoid that problem, while also greatly simplifying the implementation of each opcode where the actual logic just receives a set of operands it can get or set.
There was no disclosure that they were hemorrhaging money nor that their product was significantly unprofitable though. I imagine interest would've been a lot less had that fact been public at the time. They were literally selling it as "invest now and we all make a lot of money later"
I think the SEC is interested in the conditions around their ICO, the misleading tactics, and the aftermath of it, more than the fact that they did an ICO
Along that same line, Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas is a pretty good movie at warning that playing it fast and loose with recreational drugs beyond alcohol can have you end up with a very bad time
> I think writing an OS from scratch is discouraging and not very accessible because... writing an OS is discouraging and not very accessible
I actually learned C by writing an OS from ages 16 to 18. I don't know if I'd recommend it to everyone, but it is surprisingly accessible if you limit scope. The real hard parts are dealing with complicated hardware. If you care about the basics like keyboard, mouse, display, flat memory, no threads, then its incredibly easy in 16bit C for x86. 32bit C (i386) is also easy, but does require a bit more setup etc.
It is incredibly educational learning how to write your own libc and having to manage toolchains etc. You very quickly learn the exact boundaries of what is computer controlled and what is toolchain controlled, and of course what is controlled by your own code.
And yes, I had a similar experience to you re: emulators. Tried making a simple 8086 computer emulator. CPU instructions are really easy and really the part I enjoyed. Emulating the hardware and all the machine protocols gets very difficult and complicated very quickly. I ended up, after a few months of that, rescoping the project to only be an 8086 CPU emulator, which was one of the few projects of my youth I actually completed.
