Only tangentially related, but because they are so amazing here are a few videos that illustrate the process of transcription (creating mRNA from DNA) and translation (creating a protein from mRNA).
The common complaint with these videos is that everything is more complex. One thing that isn't evident is that these specific videos (built mostly by Drew Barry) actually model a lot of other molecules to create a more realistic physical environment with brownian motion and whatnot. Then the irrelevant molecules are simply made transparent in the rendering.
Obviously it's still much much more complex (eg the constant stream of ATP used to drive many of these operations is not illustrated).
There are these and many more great illustrations/explanations at WEHImovies on youtube
HPC systems generally use LustreFS where you have multiple servers handling metadata and objects (files) separately. These servers have multiple level of drives, where metadata servers are SSD backed and file servers run on SSD accelerated spinning disk boxes, with a mountain of 10TB+ drives.
When this structure is fed to a EDR/HDR/FDR Infiniband network, the result is a blazing fast storage system where you can make a massive number of random accesses by very large number of servers simultaneously. The whole structure won't shiver even.
There are also other tricks Lustre can pull for smaller files to accelerate the access and reduce the overhead even further, too.
In this model, the storage boxes are somewhat sandboxed, but the whole model as a general is mounted via its own client, so the OS is very close to the model Lustre provides.
On the GPU servers, if you're going to provide big NVMe scratch spaces (a-la nVidia DGX systems), you soft-RAID the internal NVMe disks with mdadm.
In both models, saturation happens on hardware level (disks, network, etc.) processors and other soft components doesn't impose a meaningful bottleneck even under high load.
Well, I think "advisor" is probably more like it, because it does the science of mycology quite the disservice. Beyond playing fast and loose with the science for the sake of the story, there are basic mistakes that I doubt that the real Paul Stamets would have let slip through.
I wouldn't be surprised if the HN crowd is a bit hostile to FeministFrequency, but if you can skip over that you may enjoy this guest-podcast (meaning none of the FF regulars have anything to do with this particular podcast episode) by Emily Taylor, a mycologist-turned-game designer, where she explains all of the mycology-related issues of the show:
I used Firefox's containers for about a day, and then I discovered the privacy.firstparty.isolate option (in about:config), which effectively gives every site its own container with no user effort. That, combined with Cookie AutoDelete, seems to work well.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SMtWvDbfHLo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TfYf_rPWUdY
The common complaint with these videos is that everything is more complex. One thing that isn't evident is that these specific videos (built mostly by Drew Barry) actually model a lot of other molecules to create a more realistic physical environment with brownian motion and whatnot. Then the irrelevant molecules are simply made transparent in the rendering.
Obviously it's still much much more complex (eg the constant stream of ATP used to drive many of these operations is not illustrated).
There are these and many more great illustrations/explanations at WEHImovies on youtube
https://www.youtube.com/@WEHImovies